Back to Basics:
Fall Is Here -
Preparing for Winter Calf Care
The season of apple picking, pumpkin carving, and hot chocolate is here again! As mornings turn crisp and afternoons stay warm, calf raisers begin shifting focus—from keeping calves cool to keeping them warm. While fall weather can be beautiful, fluctuating temperatures create real challenges for calf health.
In this article, we’ll cover essential winter calf management tips to keep your calves healthy, comfortable, and growing strong as we move into the colder months.
Preparation Is Key
Winter calf care starts long before calving season. Proper preparation during late gestation builds the foundation for healthy, thriving calves.
1. Nutrition for the Dam
Ensure pregnant cows receive high-quality feed with adequate protein, energy, and trace minerals. This supports fetal growth and promotes strong colostrum production.
2. Vaccination and Deworming
Keep herd health programs current. Proper vaccination and parasite control reduce disease risk and improve calf immunity.
3. Calving Area Setup
Make sure calving pens are clean, dry, and well-bedded. Replace bedding frequently, and monitor late-gestation pens to prevent births in alleyways or dirty areas.
Start Them Off Right
Newborn calves are especially vulnerable to cold stress and hypothermia, particularly during their first month of life. Protecting them during this critical period ensures a strong start.
1. Colostrum Intake
Calves should receive at least 10% of their body weight in high-quality colostrum (>22% IgG) within the first 24 hours. This provides essential antibodies and energy.
2. Drying and Warming
Immediately after birth, dry calves thoroughly to prevent chilling. Use heat lamps, calf blankets, or drying rooms to help maintain body temperature.
3. Monitor Closely
Watch for signs of cold stress—shivering, weakness, or poor nursing. Early detection can prevent serious illness.
Housing and Shelter
A well-designed calf housing system protects calves from wind, cold, and moisture while maintaining good air quality
1. Individual or Group Housing
Both systems can work in winter as long as cleanliness and ventilation are maintained. Calf hutches and ventilated barns with dry bedding are ideal.
2. Deep Bedding
Use plenty of straw so calves can “nest.” Bedding should be deep enough to cover their legs when lying down, providing natural insulation.
3. Ventilation Without Drafts
Aim for four air exchanges per hour in cold months to provide fresh air without creating drafts. Poor ventilation can lead to respiratory disease.
Feeding and Nutrition
Cold weather increases energy demands. Adjust your calf nutrition plan to support growth and warmth.
1. Warm Milk or Milk Replacer
Feed milk at about 105°F (40°C) and on a consistent schedule. Increase feeding frequency or volume during extreme cold.
2. Higher Fat Percentage
Boost fat levels in milk replacer from 20% in summer to 22–24% in winter while maintaining protein. This provides extra energy for warmth without compromising growth.
3. Clean, Warm Water
Even in winter, fresh water is essential for digestion and hydration. Use heated buckets or waterers to prevent freezing.
Final Thoughts
Raising healthy calves through winter requires planning, consistency, and attention to detail. By focusing on warmth, housing, and nutrition, you can minimize cold stress and promote growth.
Investing extra effort in cold weather calf care pays off with healthier animals, stronger growth rates, and fewer health issues.
Work with your Esmilco representative to make sure your farm is ready for the coming cold season!
